For instance, a poster printed by the Political Department of the General Headquarters of the National Revolutionary Army led by KMT is dominated by big characters written in the center. Some early posters share the visual aesthetics of later big-character posters. Īt the time, the Kuomintang (KMT, or the Chinese Nationalist Party) used slogans and posters in their political propaganda. Posters were also used extensively in 1925 during the May 30th Movement, for instance in urging patriotic citizens to stop using foreign products. When Sun Yat-sen died in 1925, and during the lying-in-state held in Central Park in Beijing, people spontaneously hung thousands of funeral scrolls around the park, which were often inscribed with a couplet expressing their grief and respect for the leader of the Xinhai revolution. "Inflammatory notices" on the campus bulletin board announced their plan. During the May Fourth Movement in 1919, Peking University students were enraged by the Treaty of Versailles, which handed German-occupied territory in China to Japan after World War I and decided to hold a rally in protest. Posters and other forms of public writings were frequently employed to express nationalist sentiment. In the Republic of China, increased popular literacy enabled a more effective use of public posters as a form of political propaganda. Around 172 AD, a poster attacking the powerful eunuchs appeared on the gate of the Imperial Palace. Documentation of posters used to express political dissent can be found as early as the Han Dynasty. Local governments also used such posters, for instance to announce news or describe the physiognomy of wanted criminals. Wall posters have been used in China to publicly announce royal edicts, pronouncements, and various orders since at least the Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC - 771 BC), when posters were the only means of communication between the emperor and his people. Big-character posters can be seen as part of a long tradition of using writings to convey information and express dissent in public. They have also incorporated limited-circulation newspapers, excerpted press articles, and pamphlets intended for public display. History in China Prototypes before 1949 ĭazibao have been used in China since imperial times, but became more common when literacy rates rose after the 1911 Xinhai Revolution. Though the right to write big-character posters was deleted from the Constitution of the People's Republic of China in 1980, people still occasionally write big-character posters to express their personal and political opinions. Big-character posters were first used extensively in the Hundred Flowers Campaign, and they played an instrumental role in almost all the subsequent political campaigns, culminating in the Cultural Revolution. Though many different political parties around the world have used slogans and posters as propaganda, the most intense, extensive, and varied use of big-character posters was in China in various political campaigns associated with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). A form of popular political writing, big-character posters did not have a fixed format or style, and could appear in the form of letter, slogan, poem, commentary, etc. They were used as a means of protest, propaganda, and popular communication. 'big-character reports') are handwritten posters with large characters, usually mounted on walls in public spaces such as universities, factories, government departments, and sometimes directly on the streets. "Dazhai military and people's big-character poster column of 'Fighting Against Private Ownership and Criticizing Revisionism'" in Dazhai, taken in October 1967.īig-character posters ( simplified Chinese: 大字报 traditional Chinese: 大字報 pinyin: dàzìbào Wade–Giles: ta 4-tzu 4-pao 4 lit. ( March 2023) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with China and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject.
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